I've been doing a bit of research (mainly using Wiki and the Bible!) on two things associated with Good Friday: the Stations of the Cross, and the Seven Words of Jesus. I'm fairly familiar with the Seven Words, or sayings of Jesus from the cross. They are (mostly) biblical, and come from the four Gospels: 3 Luke, 3 John, 1 Matthew//Mark. I say mainly because the first, "Father forgive them, for they don't understand what they're doing," (Lk 23:34) is not thought to be original to the Gospel, but a later addition.
The Seven Words are the seven statements or questions Jesus speaks from the cross, and between them they express different aspects of what being crucified meant for Jesus, and by extension, suggest for us how we are to respond to or understand the crucifixion. Here are the Seven Words, from the NIV:
Luke 23.34 “Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing.”
Luke 23.43 “Truly I tell you, today you will be with me in paradise.”
John 19.26-27 “Woman, here is your son,” “Here is your mother.”
Matt 27.46//Mark 15.34 “Eli, Eli [Mark has Eloi Eloi], lema sabachthani?”
John 19.28 “I am thirsty.”
John 19.30 “It is finished.”
Luke 23.46 “Father, into your hands I commit my spirit.”
The order is supposed to be chronological and tell a bit of a story as they look outwards, then upwards in despair, but then resolving to trust. They address or are about different figures: the guards, the rebel, John and Mary, and then, with the last four, God. With the first of the final four we have a bit of the Aramaic translation of Psalm 22. Instead of Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani, the Hebrew would have 'azavthani. The next two are just one word each: dipso and tetelestai.
The Stations of the Cross on the other hand do not have anywhere near the same pedigree. The story I heard was Constantine's mother Helena was dispatched to Jerusalem to find some material evidence supporting Christianity. She managed to find the cross - the other two of the rebels either side of Jesus were ruled out by not being able to heal a sick man, but when laid on the True CrossTM, he was healed. I'm sure there's enough pieces of the True CrossTM to build Noah's Ark. She also snaffled the Titulus (the sign above Jesus' head), which, according to a definitely true documentary I saw, is in a church somewhere in Italy. But the other thing she did was go for a walk on the via Delarosa and give a running commentary on what she imagined Jesus' journey to the cross to have been like. "I reckon Jesus fell over there," "That looks like the place Simon of Cyrene would have subbed in," and so on. It's totally made up, so it may be true, but that would be chance rather than due to research.
The list was originally seven, was then expanded to double that size, and was then renewed by Pope John Paul II, and okayed by Pope Benedict XVI. Three of the original seven are biblical, leaving four fanciful ones. Of the additional seven only one is made up, and even then probably to take the tally to the magical 14. When the list was updated in the 20th Century, seven of the original were kept, and the whole list is biblical.
Here is the old list of fourteen, with the bold ones the ancient seven, and the biblical ones in italics. Three of the non-biblical ones are Jesus tripping. so maybe Helena saw some trip hazards, or maybe she tripped over and before people could have a go at her she said "well if Jesus tripped over, you shouldn't laugh at me." I don't know. I also don't know who Veronica is.
1. Jesus is condemned to death
2. Jesus carries His cross
3. Jesus falls for the first time
4. Jesus meets His mother, Mary
5. Simon of Cyrene helps Jesus carry the cross
6. Veronica wipes the face of Jesus
7. Jesus falls for the second time
8. Jesus meets the women of Jerusalem
9. Jesus falls for the third time
10. Jesus is stripped of His clothes
11. Jesus is nailed to the cross
12. Jesus dies on the cross
13. Jesus is taken down from the cross
14. Jesus is placed in the tomb
Thankfully JP II thought the list could do with a sprucing up, leaving us the following list. I've put the seven which he kept from the earlier fourteen in bold. As I said above, all fourteen are biblical.
1. Jesus in the Garden of Gethsemane;
2. Jesus is betrayed by Judas and arrested;
3. Jesus is condemned by the Sanhedrin;4. Jesus is denied by Peter;
5. Jesus is judged by Pilate;
6. Jesus is scourged and crowned with thorns;
7. Jesus takes up his cross;
8. Jesus is helped by Simon of Cyrene to carry his cross;
9. Jesus meets the women of Jerusalem;
10. Jesus is crucified;
11. Jesus promises his kingdom to the repentant thief;
12. Jesus entrusts Mary and John to each other;
13. Jesus dies on the cross; and
14. Jesus is laid in the tomb.
Finally, it is interesting to note where the Seven Sayings and the Stations of the Cross coincide. At station 10 Jesus speaks his first word; at 11 the second, and the third at 12. The remaining four are all said while dying on the cross - station 13.
What do we do with all this? It is worth reflecting that these two ritualised things - the sayings and the stations - are a mixture of all four Gospels, of history, theology and myth. They are all meaningful for billions around the world, as they help us understand and memorialise this most central event in Christian history, theology and ritual. I obviously think the stations of the cross (at least the ancient versions) are pretty funny in how they came about, but that is not to deny the significance of remembering Jesus' death in that way. Indeed, it is in our nature and speaks to our physicality, to remember things in this way, as Christians have done for the last 1990 years or so, and will continue to do until Jesus returns.
