Monday, November 30, 2020

Preaching through a Judges series

We've finished going through Judges; I broke it up into 9 weeks a little something like this: 

Judges 1:1-3:6 - beginning badly

Judges 3:7-31 - God's grace

Judges 4-5 - singing salvation

Judges 6-9 - Gideon's gaffes

Judges 10-12 - outrageous oath

Judges 13-15 - Samson's start

Judges 16 - winning through weakness

Judges 17-18 - grifters gonna get grifted

Judges 19-21 - the evil ending

I should add, I didn't think of the alliteration before today - that only just came to me now - always too late!


I try to preach through whole books where I can (see my complete list here), so that people go away from a series knowing that part of the Bible well, hopefully having read the whole thing, and with a growing picture of how the Bible fits together as a whole.


What I have been most struck by as I've worked through Judges (I had two weeks off preaching - Gideon and Samson #1 were preached by others) is the way the book uses recursion or juxtaposition. That is, every story is to be interpreted with reference to the stories either side of it. That is already obvious as the concentric structure of the book is examined, such that the opposing panels handle similar themes: 


Beginning at the end, we meet a Levite from the hill country of Ephraim. Could it be that this was the young Levite from the previous story, who was also a Levite in Ephraim? Probably not, because he moved up to Dan, but the connection is interesting.

So too with the Dan/Micah saga. The story begins without a beginning - it is as if it has slipped in between chapters 16-17. But when it begins we meet a woman who had 1100 silver shekels. Which other woman do we know with 1100 silver shekels? Delilah, from the previous episode, was promised 1100 shekels from each Philistine if she handed over Samson. Could it be that Micah's mother is Delilah? Probably not, but the connection is interesting. 

Similar connections continue throughout Judges (see my notes on Jephthah for some other examples). What this demonstrates is that Judges as a whole is thoughtfully composed, arranged, and edited with reference to every other story. However many original authors or redactors there may have been, the end result is a masterful illustration of adding meaning from structure; juxtaposing two stories next to each other forces them to be understood with reference to each other, so that two stories (or half a dozen or so) are more than the sum of their parts.  


As you work through or read through or preach through Judges, keep asking questions about juxtaposition. Rachelle Gilmour's book on Juxtaposition in Elisha is a superb guide and introduction to the question in general. 

Wednesday, November 18, 2020

Fighting and destroying in Joshua 10

We are reading Joshua in our staff meetings this year, and we were in the second half of Joshua 10 today (10:29-43). There is a lot of repetition in this chapter, but then a surprising flip at the end.

Essentially there are three elements which are repeated almost word-for-word:

A: And Joshua crossed over/went up/returned, and all Israel with him (29,31,34,36,38,43)

B: And he/they fought them/her (29,31,34,36,38,42)

C: He did not leave in her/for him a remnant (30,33,37,39,40)

There are other elements also repeated, such as the verbs for smiting (נכה) and proscribing/devoting to destruction (חרם). But each of these longer elements are almost the same, albeit with some minor variation. Until, that is the final time. 

The pattern looks like this:

29-30 ABC

31-33 ABC

34-35 AB

36-37 ABC

38-39 ABC

40-43 CBA

I don't think there's much to make of the missing C in the third cycle as חרם sort of plays the same role. Furthermore the C in the second cycle doesn't really belong with the AB but is a summary statement, similarly to the C in the final cycle.

But what is of especial interest is 42-43 and the switch from AB to BA, because there is a key difference. Every other time the subject of B is Joshua/Israel. This final time, however, as the Shephelah is tidied up, the reader is reminded that it is not Joshua but "Yhwh, the God of Israel, who fought for Israel." Not that they needed to be reminded, but the victories were only given to Israel because Yhwh fought for Israel. They fought and destroyed according to the command of Yhwh (40) and in reward for their obedience Yhwh fought for them, ensuring them total victory. 

That something different is going on is highlighted by this reversal in the final verses, and what that something is, is made clear with a new subject (Yhwh) and a new syntax (transposing the verb from a fronted wayyiqtol to the penultimate position). 

Tuesday, November 10, 2020

Trying to preach through the Bible

 I've been at ND since 2012, and wanted to keep a record of how much of the Bible I've preached through (or had preached through by others). I've included proposed preaching for next year, but haven't included one-off guest spots or topical/doctrine talks.

I tend to follow the pattern of Term 1: Gospel, Term 2: OT, Term 3: Doctrine, Term 4: Epistle. I try to rotate through the major divisions of the OT (Law, Prophets, Writings), and alternate between Paul and non-Paul for the Epistles. 

Old Testament

Law
* Genesis - 2012 (5)
* Exodus - 2022 (22)
* Leviticus - 2018 (10)
* Numbers - 2012 (3)
* Deuteronomy - 2025 (9)
Prophets
Former Prophets
* Joshua - 2015 (13)
* Judges - 2020 (10)
* 1-2 Samuel
* 1-2 Kings
Latter Prophets
* Isaiah - 2024 (14)
* Jeremiah
* Ezekiel - 2017 (10)
The Twelve
* Hosea - 2021 (10)
* Joel - 2012 (3)
* Amos - 2014 (7)
* Obadiah
* Jonah
* Micah
* Nahum
* Habakkuk - 2021 (4)
* Zephaniah
* Haggai - 2023 (2)
* Zechariah
* Malachi - 2023 (3)
The Writings
Poetry
* Psalms - 2012 (4), 2019 (14) (120-135)
* Proverbs - 2023 (5), 2024 (5)
* Job
Scrolls
* Song of Songs - 2021 (4)
* Ruth
* Lamentations - 2019 (5)
* Ecclesiastes - 2016 (7)
* Esther
Others
* Daniel - 2013 (12)
* Ezra and Nehemiah  - 2023 (5)
* Chronicles

New Testament

Gospels & Acts
* Matthew - 2014 (15), 2015 (12), 2016 (13) (= 40)
* Mark - 2012 (4) (ch's 4-5), 2021 (10)
* Luke - 2013 (12) (9:51-18:30), 2023 (13) (1:1-5:11), 2024 (12) (5:12-8:25), 2025 (15) (8:26-11:32) (= 52); also most Christmases 
* John - 2017-18 (28)
* Acts - 2019 (28) (ch's 1-17)
Epistles
Pauline
* Romans - 2025 (17)
* 1 Corinthians - 2016 (5) (ch's 6-7), 2022 (22)
* 2 Corinthians - 2014 (12)
* Galatians - 2016-17 (11)
* Ephesians - 2023 (6)
* Philippians - twice through; one church camp and one preaching group (8)
* Colossians - 2012 (9)
* 1 Thessalonians - 2018 (8)
* 2 Thessalonians - 2018 (5)
* 1 Timothy - 2024 (11)
* 2 Timothy
* Titus - 2020 (5)
* Philemon - 2021 (2)
Catholic
* Hebrews - 2013 (13)
* James - 2017 (10)
* 1 Peter - 2015 (9)
* 2 Peter - 2023 (3)
* 1 John - 2021 (8)
* 2 John - 2019 (1)
* 3 John - 2024 (1)
* Jude - 2023 (3)
* Revelation - 2020 (19)

There are obviously some big gaps there; I really have to do another decent series from the Pentateuch (the two short ones were from before I had control of the preaching program), and there is a lot to fill in the writing prophets. I haven't touched the monarchy at all (1-2 Sam, 1-2 Kg, 1-2 Chron). It's a problem of the OT being 80% of the Bible and only having a term per year (although the Persia series allowed me to hit 4 books). I need to do a big Romans series, maybe for six months - breaking my system (again). That being said, I've hit every division of the Bible at least once and most a couple of times. 

Over all I think I'm pretty happy with the diet I've fed to people in terms of the breadth and depth, but it goes to show how even with an systematic, expository preaching approach, it still takes a long time to work through the Bible, and it could easily take me another nine years and I still wouldn't have got through it.

Friday, November 06, 2020

Good and Bad things happen in threes - at least for Samson

Some things I've noticed in the Samson Saga (Judges 13-16), many of which happen in threes.


Three part structure

The saga comes in three parts:

  1. Samson's parents and commissioning (13:1-25)
  2. Samson judged Israel 20 years (14:1-15:20)
  3. Samson judged Israel 20 years (16:1-31)

Parts 2&3 both begin with Samson meeting a woman.

Parts 2&3 are also bracketed with the location, Between Zorah and Eshtaol:

  1. 13:25, where Samson received the spirit of Yhwh
  2. 16:31, where Samson was buried

Three women

Samson shacks up with three different women. 
  1. The first (ch's 14-15) is an unnamed Philistine woman who is then given away, allegedly because her father thought Samson hated her. The ripple-effect of this liaison is the slaughter of 30 Philistines to settle a bet, the arson of the Philistine grain, the woman and her father being burned to death, Judah turning on and handing over Samson, and the death of 1000 Philistines with a jawbone.
  2. The second (16:1-3) is an unnamed Philistine prostitute, which gives the Philistines an occasion to ambush Samson. He does not stay the entire night with her, leaving early and helpfully relocating the city gates to a hill opposite Hebron.
  3. The third (16:1-21) is named - Delilah - and is likely also a Philistine (although it is not explicit, and her name is Semitic). The results of this union is his capture, blinding, and servitude.

Three breakouts

While Samson is with Delilah, three times he tells her a lie about the source of his strength - although they each hint in some way to the truth.
  1. tie me up with fresh strings (16:6-9)
  2. tie me up with new ropes (16:10-12)
  3. tie my hair in a loom (16:13-14)

This is obviously what Samson looked like.

Three gifts of the spirit

Three times Samson has the spirit of Yhwh. 
  1. 13:25 it begins
  2. 14:6 he rips a lion apart
  3. 14:19 he slays and deprives 30 Philistines of their clothing
When Samson receives the spirit it is certainly not a "dwelling within" gift of the Spirit, but a "equipping for a task" gift of the Spirit. The first isn't assigned to any particular task, so it has the feeling of the dwelling-within kind-of spirit, but the life of Samson doesn't testify to that being a likely understanding.

This triple gift of the Spirit in part 2 of Samson, where he is empowered by strength from Yhwh, is contrasted with the three times he breaks out with his own strength in part 3; note that the fourth time, where he tries and fails to break out, is also where his strength (that is, the spirit) leaves him. In this we see a parallel with Saul and his downfall.


 

Three numbered slaughters

Samson kills a few times. Three times there are numbers of dead people given, and there is also an escalation evident.
    1. 14:6 kills a lion
    2. 14:19 kills 30 men
    3. 15:8 "viciously attacked and slaughtered many" (NIV) "tore them limb from limb" (CSB)
    4. 15:15 kills 1000 men
    5. 16:27,30 kills 3000+ men and women
    It's also interesting, with this focus on threes, that two of the three numbers have threes - 30 men and 3000 men and women on the rooftop. 

    It's probably nothing, but it's also interesting how similar the words Samson and thirty are: שׁמשׁון & שׁלושׁים. Sure, they're not that similar, but Shimshon and Shloshim do sound very similar. Also, it's three hundred foxes that Samson catches and sets on fire. 


    Conclusion

    Good things, as well as bad things, do come in threes. There may be others that I've missed, and there may be some tenuous ones I've suggested. 

    By far the biggest thing which stands out for me is the comparison between part 2&3 of the saga, and I think the threes add to that and help us be on the lookout.